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IELTS and TOEFL

IELTS

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is designed to help you work, study or migrate to a country where English is the native language. This includes countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and USA. One’s ability to listen, read, write and speak in English will be assessed during the test.  


The order of the IELTS test varies based on the mode of exam.  The sequence in which the sections appear in the test are as follows.   

Computer-delivered IELTS: Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking (before or after test) 

Paper-Based IELTS: Writing, Reading, Listening, Speaking (same day or 7 days before or after test)  


Scoring: Band score on a scale of 1 (the lowest) to 9 (the highest) for each band.                 

Overall score- Average of four section band scores (1 to 9)  

Listening:

No. of Questions- 40 

Time- 30 minutes  (plus 10 minutes transfer time)

Scoring- 1 mark each for correct answers, no negative marking  


This section is comprised of four recorded monologues and conversations.  

Recording 1- Dialogues between two people based on social context 

Recording 2- Monologue based on social issues 

Recording 3- Conversation between up to four people about education/ training 

Recording 4- Monologue on academic subjects such as a university lecture 


The type of questions asked in the test includes:

  • MCQs
  • Matching
  • Note completion
  • Short answers
  • Plan/ map/ diagram labeling


Candidates have to listen to the recordings and answer the questions carefully. They will hear the recordings only once and it can be in different accents, including British, Australian, New Zealand, and North American.  


In paper-based IELTS, there is a 10-minute transfer time given for the candidates to record their answers on the sheet whereas in a computer-delivered test the transfer time is 2 minutes. It is crucial for the candidate to be careful of grammatical errors and spelling mistakes as marks are deducted for the same.  


Skills such as one’s ability to understand the opinions and attitudes of speakers, follow-up conversation and development of ideas, the purpose of utterance, and detailed factual information are assessed through the test.  


Assessors will be looking for evidence of your ability to understand the main ideas and detailed factual information, the opinions and attitudes of speakers, the purpose of an utterance and evidence of your ability to follow the development of ideas.


Task types: A variety of question types are used, chosen from the following: multiple choice, matching, plan/map/diagram labelling, form/note/table/flow-chart/summary completion, sentence completion.


Task type 1 – Multiple choice

Task type and format: In multiple choice tasks, there is a question followed by three possible answers, or the beginning of a sentence followed by three possible ways to complete the sentence. Test takers are required to choose the one correct answer - A, B or C.

Sometimes, test takers are given a longer list of possible answers and told that they have to choose more than one. In this case, they should read the question carefully to check how many answers are required.


Task type 2 – Matching

Task type and format: Test takers are required to match a numbered list of items from the listening text to a set of options on the question paper. The set of options may be criteria of some kind.


Task type 3 – Plan, map, diagram labelling

Task type and format: Test takers are required to complete labels on a plan (eg of a building), map (eg of part of a town) or diagram (e.g. of a piece of equipment). The answers are usually selected from a list on the question paper.


Task type 4 – Form, note, table, flow-chart, summary completion

Task type and format: Test takers are required to fill in the gaps in an outline of part or of all of the listening text. The outline will focus on the main ideas/facts in the text. It may be:

1. A form: often used to record factual details such as names

2. A set of notes: used to summarize any type of information using the layout to show how different items relate to one another

3. A table: used as a way of summarizing information which relates to clear categories – e.g. place/time/price,

4. A flow-chart: used to summarize a process which has clear stages, with the direction of the process shown by arrows.


Task type 5 – Sentence completion

Task type and format: Test takers are required to read a set of sentences summarizing key information from all the listening text or from one part of it. They then fill a gap in each sentence using information from the listening text. A word limit is given, for example, ‘NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER’.


Task type 6 – Short-answer questions

Task type and format: Test takers are required to read a question and then write a short answer using information from the listening text.


In all the above question types, there may be specific instructions regarding NUMBER OF WORDS and/or NUMBER OF CORRECT OPTIONS TO CHOOSE. Candidates are required to read the instructions carefully. A word limit is given, for example, ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER’. Test takers are penalized for writing more than the stated number of words. Contracted words will not be tested. Hyphenated words count as single words.


MAP:

You will see a map (of a city, or college, or something simple) and hear instructions that help you navigate through it. You will hear directions as follows:

· Go straight for/on; Keep going

· At the top / at the bottom / In the middle / at the center

· Turn left/right; On the left / on the right; Left hand side / right hand side

· South / North / East / West; Clockwise/anticlockwise

· Head (South / North / East / West) on; Keep going up / move up

· Southeast / Southwest / Northeast / Northwest

· To the north / to the south / to the east / to the west

· Opposite / in front of / behind

· Above / below; Inside / outside; In front of / Behind

· A little before/after; Just beyond / a little beyond / just past; Next to / alongside / Near to

· When you get to


Your task will be to identify which place is where. Basically, match the numbers on the map with the different options of places given separately.


Distractors:

A distractor is a word or a phrase that changes or corrects the original piece of information given:

The shop next to the bakery was a newsagent but it’s now been replaced by a charity shop.

In the original design, the café and bookshop were next to each other. However, the plans were changed to locate the bookshop by the exit.

When the alterations are carried out, the storeroom will become an office. No, sorry. That’s been altered. It will be the new staffroom.

Reading:

No. of Questions- 40 

Time- 60 minutes 

Scoring- 1 mark each for correct answers  


This section is comprised of three sections including three long paragraphs each which could be factual, descriptive, or analytical. Each section may be comprised of 10-17 questions.  


The texts are usually taken from magazines, journals, newspapers, books, research, and online resources with topics for a non-specialist audience. Glossary will be given for unknown vocabulary.  


The types of questions asked include:

  • MCQs 
  • Identifying information 
  • Identifying writer’s views/ claims 
  • Note Completion 
  • Matching Information 
  • Matching headings 
  • Matching sentence endings 
  • Sentence completion 
  • Flow chart completion 
  • Diagram label completion   


Candidates shall record their answers on the sheet after reading the passages. No extra time will be given in this test unlike in the Listening test. 


Paper format: There are three sections. Section 1 may contain two or three short texts or several shorter texts. Section 2 comprises two texts. In Section 3, there is one long text.

  

  1. The first section, ‘social survival’, contains texts relevant to basic linguistic survival in English with tasks mainly about retrieving and providing general factual information, for example, notices, advertisements and timetables.
  2. The second section, ‘Workplace survival’, focuses on the workplace context, for example, job descriptions, contracts and staff development and training materials.
  3. The third section, ‘general reading’, involves reading more extended prose with a more complex structure. Here, the emphasis is on descriptive and instructive rather than argumentative texts, in a general context relevant to the wide range of test takers involved, for example, newspapers, magazines and fictional and non-fictional book extracts.

Writing:

No. of Tasks- 02 

Time- 60 minutes 

Scoring- Task 2 contributes twice as much as Task 1 to marking score  


Task 1: Test takers are asked to respond to a situation, for example, by writing a letter requesting information or explaining a situation. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalized if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalized for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score.

 

In this section, you will encounter one of the following visual elements:

  • Bar Chart
  • Line Graph
  • Table Chart
  • Pie Chart
  • Process Diagram
  • Map
  • Multiple Graphs


Your task is to write a concise report highlighting the key features. Depending on the type of graphic presented, you may be asked to:

  • Summarize data (Do not provide your opinion or conclusion if not specifically asked)
  • Describe the comparison or interplay of different data given in the chart
  • Explain the highs, lows, or some data that stands out
  • Narrate the graph in a way that a visually challenged person can visualize it too


The structure of the task will remain consistent and include:

  1. A brief description of the visual element
  2. Clear instructions for the task
  3. The graphic itself (e.g., chart, graph, or diagram)


Prepare to analyze and interpret the information presented to effectively communicate its main points.


Task 2: Test takers write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Control your urge to simply state your opinions, instead, analyze the statements based on logical points and inferences which may organically lead to certain conclusions. Test takers are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalized if their answer is too short. They should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task.

Example Topic: Should pocket money be given to children before they reach high school.

  

Examiners assess the tasks based on four criteria:

  • Correctness and specificity of response 
  • Coherent and concise responses with minimal to none spelling mistakes
  • Correct usage of vocabulary used; Some range, without going overboard is advisable
  • Crisp and correct usage of grammar

Speaking:

No. of parts- 03 

Time- 11 to 14 minutes 


Part 1 - The examiner will ask you general questions about yourself and a range of familiar topics, such as home, family, work, studies and interests. Questions on familiar topics such as family, friends, work, home, and interests. 


Example Question: Do you like art?

Your answer should cover:

1. Yes or No (Preferably yes).

2. What kind of art you like (Paintings, sketches, music, dance, etc.).

3. Why do you like that form of art.

4. Do you practice it, or intend to learn it.

5. Some trivia about it, like popular artists who are associated with it.

(Ideally, keep it a little personal to let the interviewer know more about you)


Part 2 - You will be given a card which asks you to talk about a particular topic (citing your own experience and understanding) at length. You will have one minute to prepare before speaking for up to two minutes. The examiner will then ask one or two questions on the same topic.


Example Question: Describe a piece of art that you like?

Your answer should cover:

1. The name of the art (The Monalisa)

2. The name of the artist

3. Where you saw it

4. Why you like it

(Ideally, keep it more 60% about specific details of the art and 40% about your connection with it. It lets the interviewer know that you can articulate your experiences and thought about other things, and a bit about whether you can go into depth of topics comfortably)


Part 3 - This part of the test focuses on the ability to analyze issues, express and justify opinions and to analyze, discuss and speculate about issues. You will be asked further questions related to the topic in Part 2. These will give you the opportunity to discuss more abstract ideas and issues. This part of the test lasts between 4-5 minutes.


The questions could be in the lines of:

1. Is there something specific that you look for in an art? 

2. Should art be taught at school?

3. Does the artist’s background influence your inclination towards an art?

4. What makes great art?

5. How can art be relevant in today’s digital age?

6. How is art evolving in your country?

(Ideally, try to answer the follow up questions directly. Elaborate on it to clarify any ambiguity. You can express your opinion on certain topics, but make sure you state legitimate reasons for it. Do not overdo, overstretch or overemphasize. The idea is to make the interviewer understand that you can think on your feet and articulate answers to counterquestions relatively comfortably)


The examiner assesses candidates based on four criteria:

  • Articulation of thoughts with clarity and precision
  • Correct usage of vocabulary used; Some range, without going overboard is advisable
  • Crisp and correct usage of grammar
  • Clarity or comprehensibility of pronunciation 

Charges:

Advanced Course:

10 hours @ Rs 7,000/-


Comprehensive Course:

20 hours @ 15,000/- 

Important Idioms

A-D

1. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush: It's better to hold onto what you have than to risk losing it by chasing after something else.

2. A blessing in disguise: Something that seems bad or unfortunate at first, but ultimately has a positive outcome.

3. A dime a dozen: Something that is common and easy to find.

4. A drop in the bucket: Something that is insignificant in the context of a larger problem or situation.

5. A fool and his money are soon parted: People who are careless with their money will quickly lose it.

6. A hot potato: A controversial or sensitive issue that people want to avoid or pass off to someone else.

7. A penny for your thoughts: A way of asking someone what they are thinking or feeling.

8. A picture is worth a thousand words: Visual images can often convey more meaning than words alone.

9. Actions speak louder than words: What someone does is more important than what they say.

10. Add insult to injury: To make a bad situation worse.

11. All ears: To listen attentively.

12. All thumbs: To be clumsy or inept.

13. Apple of my eye: Something or someone that is cherished or loved deeply.

14. Barking up the wrong tree: To make a mistake or pursue the wrong course of action.

15. Beat around the bush: To avoid addressing a topic directly.

16. Bite the bullet: To endure a painful or difficult situation without complaint.

17. Break a leg: A way of wishing someone good luck.

18. Butterflies in my stomach: Feeling nervous or anxious.

19. By the book: Doing things exactly according to the rules.

20. Call it a day: To stop working for the day.

21. Cast pearls before swine: To offer something valuable to someone who does not appreciate it.

22. Caught between a rock and a hard place: To be in a difficult or impossible situation.

23. Chew the fat: To have a casual conversation.

24. Close but no cigar: To come close to success but fall just short of it.

25. Cost an arm and a leg: To be very expensive.

26. Cross that bridge when you come to it: To deal with a problem only when it arises.

27. Cry over spilled milk: To lament something that cannot be changed.

28. Curiosity killed the cat: Being overly curious can lead to trouble.

29. Cut corners: To do something the easy or cheap way, even if it's not the right way.

30. Cut the mustard: To perform well or meet expectations.

31. Devil's advocate: To argue against someone's opinion or proposal in order to test its validity.

32. Don't count your chickens before they're hatched: Don't assume that something will happen before it actually does.

33. Don't put all your eggs in one basket: Don't rely on a single plan or idea to achieve success.

34. Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater: Don't discard something good while getting rid of something bad.

35. Drop a bombshell: To announce something surprising or shocking.



Go to Top of Idioms list 

D-M

1. Eat humble pie: To admit fault or wrongdoing and apologize.

2. Elephant in the room: A topic or issue that everyone is aware of but no one wants to discuss.

3. Every cloud has a silver lining: Every negative situation has a positive aspect to it.

4. Face the music: To accept the consequences of one's actions.

5. Fair-weather friend: Someone who is only supportive when things are going well.

6. Feather in your cap: An achievement or honor that someone can

7. Fighting a losing battle: Trying to achieve something that is almost certain to fail.

8. Fish out of water: Feeling uncomfortable or out of place in a new or unfamiliar environment.

9. Fit as a fiddle: In good physical health.

10. Flash in the pan: Something that appears impressive at first but fails to live up to expectations.

11. Fortune favours the bold: People who take risks are more likely to be successful.

12. Get a taste of your own medicine: To experience something that you have inflicted on others.

13. Get cold feet: To become nervous or hesitant about something.

14. Give the benefit of the doubt: To believe someone's claims or promises without proof.

15. Go against the grain: To do something in a way that is different from the norm.

16. Go out on a limb: To take a risk or make a bold move.

17. Good things come to those who wait: Being patient can lead to good outcomes.

18. Graveyard shift: Working late at night or overnight.

19. Great minds think alike: Smart people tend to have similar ideas or opinions.

20. Haste makes waste: Rushing things can lead to mistakes or poor results.

21. Have a chip on your shoulder: To be easily offended or defensive.

22. Head in the clouds: To be unrealistic or impractical.

23. Hear it on the grapevine: To hear a rumour or piece of gossip.

24. Hit the nail on the head: To be exactly right or accurate.

25. In a nutshell: To summarize something briefly.

26. In hot water: In trouble or facing consequences for one's actions.

27. In the nick of time: Just in time to avoid disaster or complete a task.

28. It takes two to tango: Both parties are responsible for a situation or conflict.

29. Jump on the bandwagon: To join a popular trend or movement.

30. Keep your chin up: To remain optimistic in the face of adversity.

31. Kick the bucket: To die.

32. Kill two birds with one stone: To accomplish two tasks at the same time.

33. Know the ropes: To be knowledgeable or experienced in a particular area.

34. Last straw: The final event or circumstance that leads to a decision or action.

35. Let sleeping dogs lie: To avoid stirring up trouble or controversy.

36. Live and learn: To gain knowledge or experience through mistakes or failures.

37. Long shot: Something that is unlikely to happen.

38. Loose cannon: Someone who is unpredictable or uncontrollable.

39. Make a long story short: To tell a story or explanation briefly.

40. Make ends meet: To earn enough money to cover one's expenses.

41. Miss the boat: To miss an opportunity.

42. Monkey see, monkey do: To imitate the actions of others.

43. Murphy's Law: Anything that can go wrong will go wrong.



Go to Top of Idioms list 

N-P

1. Nail down - to settle something conclusively

2. Name of the game - the most important aspect of a situation

3. Neck and neck - tied in a race or competition

4. Neck of the woods - a particular area or neighborhood

5. Nest egg - a sum of money saved for the future

6. Never say die - to never give up hope

7. New lease on life - a fresh start or opportunity

8. Nip in the bud - to stop something before it becomes a problem

9. No-brainer - a decision that is very easy to make

10. No dice - no, it's not possible

11. No hard feelings - no resentment or ill-will

12. No holds barred - without any restrictions or limitations

13. No laughing matter - a serious situation

14. No pain, no gain - effort and hard work are required to achieve success

15. No skin off my nose - it doesn't affect me

16. No sweat - no problem, it's easy

17. No time like the present - the best time to do something is now

18. No-brainer - a decision that is very easy to make

19. Not a leg to stand on - having no evidence or support for an argument

20. Not all it's cracked up to be - not as good as people say it is

21. Not by a long shot - not even close

22. Not playing with a full deck - not mentally competent

23. Not the sharpest tool in the shed - not very intelligent

24. Nothing to sneeze at - significant or noteworthy

25. Now and then - occasionally, from time to time

26. Nuts and bolts - the basic details or practical aspects of something

27. Nutty as a fruitcake - crazy or eccentric

28. Off the beaten path - away from the usual routes or paths

29. Off the top of my head - without preparation or research

30. On cloud nine - extremely happy or euphoric

31. On pins and needles - anxious or nervous

32. On the ball - alert, aware, and efficient

33. On the fence - undecided or neutral

34. On the same page - in agreement or understanding

35. On the wagon - abstaining from alcohol or other vices

36. Once in a blue moon - very rarely

37. One for the road - a final drink before leaving

38. Open a can of worms - to create a complicated or difficult situation

39. Out of the blue - unexpectedly or without warning

40. Out of the woods - free from danger or difficulty

41. Paint the town red - to go out and have a wild and enjoyable time

42. Penny for your thoughts - a request to know what someone is thinking

43. Piece of cake - something that is very easy to do

44. Play by ear - to handle a situation as it develops, without a plan

45. Pull someone's leg - to tease or joke with someone, often by saying something untrue

46. Pull the plug - to stop something, often suddenly and completely

47. Put all your eggs in one basket - to risk everything on one plan or idea

48. Put in a nutshell - to summarize something briefly

49. Put on a show - to behave in an exaggerated or dramatic way to impress or entertain others

50. Put the cart before the horse - to do things in the wrong order

51. Put up or shut up - to provide evidence to back up your claims, or stop talking about it

52. Put your foot in your mouth - to say something embarrassing or inappropriate

53. Put your money where your mouth is - to back up your claims with action or financial support



Go to Top of Idioms list 

Q-S

1. Quick on the draw - to be quick to react or respond to a situation

2. Quiet as a mouse - very quiet and unobtrusive

3. Quit cold turkey - to stop a habit or addiction suddenly and completely

4. Raining cats and dogs - raining heavily

5. Read between the lines - to infer a meaning that is not explicitly stated

6. Red herring - a distraction from the real issue or problem

7. Right as rain - perfectly fine or healthy

8. Read the riot act - to issue a stern warning or reprimand

9. Red letter day - a significant or memorable day

10. Red-handed - caught in the act of doing something wrong or illegal

11. Right off the bat - immediately or without delay

12. Rise and shine - a wake-up call to get out of bed and start the day

13. Rule of thumb - a general guideline or rule based on experience

14. Run a tight ship - to manage something efficiently and with strict control

15. Run-of-the-mill - ordinary or unremarkable

16. Safe and sound - unharmed and in good condition

17. Salt of the earth - a good, honest, and dependable person

18. Save face - to avoid embarrassment or loss of reputation

19. See eye to eye - to agree with someone

20. See the forest for the trees - to see the big picture, or the overall situation, rather than focusing on small details

21. Selling like hotcakes - selling quickly and in large quantities

22. Shoot the breeze - to have a casual and relaxed conversation with someone

23. Silver lining - a positive aspect of a negative situation

24. Sink or swim - to succeed or fail on one's own merits

25. Sit tight - to wait patiently and remain in place until further instructions

26. Sleep on it - to delay making a decision until the following day, after careful consideration

27. Smell a rat - to suspect that something is wrong or suspicious

28. Smooth sailing - an easy and successful time, free of obstacles or challenges

29. Spick and span - very clean and tidy

30. Spill the beans - to reveal a secret or confidential information

31. Split hairs - to argue or quibble over small or unimportant details

32. Steal someone's thunder - to take credit for someone else's accomplishments or ideas

33. Smooth sailing - an easy and successful time, free of obstacles or challenges

34. Spick and span - very clean and tidy

35. Spill the beans - to reveal a secret or confidential information

36. Split hairs - to argue or quibble over small or unimportant details

37. Steal someone's thunder - to take credit for someone else's accomplishments or ideas

38. Smooth sailing - an easy and successful time, free of obstacles or challenges

39. Spick and span - very clean and tidy

40. Spill the beans - to reveal a secret or confidential information

41. Split hairs - to argue or quibble over small or unimportant details

42. Steal someone's thunder - to take credit for someone else's accomplishments or ideas

43. Smooth sailing - an easy and successful time, free of obstacles or challenges

44. Spick and span - very clean and tidy

45. Spill the beans - to reveal a secret or confidential information

46. Split hairs - to argue or quibble over small or unimportant details

47. Steal someone's thunder - to take credit for someone else's accomplishments or ideas


Go to Top of Idioms list 

T-Z

1. Take a rain check - to postpone an invitation or offer until a later time

2. Take the bull by the horns - to confront a difficult or challenging situation head-on

3. Take the cake - to be the most unusual, surprising, or impressive example of something

4. Take the plunge - to make a big decision or commitment

5. The ball is in your court - it is your turn to take action or make a decision

6. The devil's advocate - someone who argues against a position for the sake of debate or to explore alternative viewpoints

7. The elephant in the room - an obvious or awkward problem or issue that no one wants to discuss

8. The whole nine yards - everything or all the way

9. Throw in the towel - to give up or quit

10. Through thick and thin - through good times and bad times

11. Time flies - time seems to pass very quickly

12. Tit for tat - retaliation or revenge in kind

13. To be on the fence - to be undecided or neutral about something

14. To make a long story short - to summarize a long story or explanation

15. To make matters worse - to make a bad situation worse

16. Tongue-in-cheek - ironic or sarcastic, often with a humorous tone

17. Too big for your britches - overconfident or arrogant

18. Twist someone's arm - to persuade or pressure someone to do something they don't want to do

19. Two peas in a pod - very similar or identical

20. Under the weather - feeling sick or unwell

21. Until the cows come home - for a very long time

22. Up in arms - angry and ready to protest or fight

23. Up the ante - to increase the stakes or level of involvement in a situation

24. Uphill battle - a difficult or challenging struggle

25. Use your loaf - use your head or brain to think carefully

26. Variety is the spice of life - diversity and change make life more interesting and enjoyable

27. Walking on eggshells - being cautious and careful not to upset someone

28. Water under the bridge - something that has already happened and can't be changed

29. Wear your heart on your sleeve - to openly and publicly display your emotions

30. Wet behind the ears - inexperienced and naive

31. When pigs fly - something that will never happen

32. White elephant - a valuable possession that is difficult or expensive to maintain

33. Whole new ball game - a completely different situation

34. Wild goose chase - a hopeless or pointless search or pursuit

35. Win-win situation - a situation where both parties benefit

36. Wolf in sheep's clothing - someone who appears harmless but is actually dangerous or malicious

37. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink - you can give someone an opportunity, but you can't force them to take it

38. You can't judge a book by its cover - you can't determine the true value or quality of something based on its appearance alone

39. You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs - achieving something worthwhile often requires sacrifice or difficulty

40. Your guess is as good as mine - I don't know, and neither do you

41. Yellow-bellied - cowardly or lacking courage

42. You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours - an agreement to help each other in a mutually beneficial way

43. Young at heart - having a youthful attitude or outlook, regardless of age

44. Your days are numbered - your time is running out or you are facing a negative consequence

45. Your eyes are bigger than your stomach - you have taken on more than you can handle or consume

46. Zero in on - to focus or aim directly at something

47. Zip your lip - to be quiet or stop talking

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